Description

metaf2xml can download, parse and decode aviation routine weather reports (METAR, SPECI, SAO), aerodrome forecasts (TAF), synoptic observations (SYNOP), observations from buoys (BUOY) and meteorological reports from aircrafts (AMDAR). Data can also be taken from decoded BUFR messages. The extracted data can be written as XML or passed to a user-defined function (all done in Perl).
It also provides XSLT style sheets to convert the XML to plain language (text, HTML), or XML with different schemas. A web-based (CGI) user interface can be used to download and display up-to-date weather data from NOAA, Ogimet, and other sources.

Latest version

METAR and TAF LEMD
METAR, TAF LEMD
(command line, Spanish)
decoded METAR KJFK
METAR KJFK
(HTML, English)
decoded TAF EDDF
TAF EDDF
(text, German)

The latest version () is 2.10 (description of changes). It requires Perl 5.14.4+ which is available for Unix/Linux, macOS, and Windows. The source code is available as TAR or ZIP archive and in Git. Various installable packages are also available.

Background

METAR and SPECI (weather observation) and TAF (weather forecast) information is essential for flight planning and in-flight decisions (real flight and simulation). It is regularly compiled by meteorologists for more than 6200 airports worldwide and distributed via reliable, non-public networks. SYNOP information is collected by more than 7600 manned and unmanned meteorological stations and more than 2500 mobile stations around the world and is used for weather forecasting and climatic statistics. The format of the original messages is abbreviated, some items are coded.

Here are some METAR, TAF, and SYNOP messages from Rio (SBGL, 83746), New York (KJFK, 74486), and Tokyo (RJTT, 47662) and messages from nearby buoys (as alphanumeric (TAC) and decoded from BUFR):

Examples for METAR, TAF, and SYNOP messages
SBGL 100700Z 14002KT CAVOK 19/18 Q1018
TAF SBGL 100410Z 1006/1112 01002KT 3000 BR SCT006TN18/1009Z TX31/1018Z BECMG 1012/1014 27003KT 7000 NSW FEW010 BECMG 1015/1017 35005KT CAVOK BECMG 1018/1020 06005KT BECMG 1021/1023 10007KT BECMG 1100/1102 07005KT BECMG 1103/1105 03002KT BECMG 1109/1111 34002KT BECMG 1111/1112 26010KT RMK PFV
KJFK 100651Z 34010KT 10SM CLR 22/13 A2982 RMK AO2 SLP097 T02170128
TAF KJFK 100539Z 1006/1112 30007KT P6SM FEW060 FM101500 28014G21KT P6SM SCT060 FM102200 32012KT P6SM FEW060 FM110200 33010KT P6SM FEW060
RJTT 100630Z 18017KT 9999 FEW020 SCT/// 32/24 Q1007 NOSIG RMK 1CU020 A2974
TAF RJTT 100505Z 1006/1112 19016KT 9999 FEW030
AAXX 10064 74486 NIL
001001:47 001002:662 001015:TOKYO 002001:1 004001:2019 004002:8 004003:10 004004:6 004005:0 005001:35.68333 006001:139.75000 007030:6.1 007031:36.5 010004:100410 010051:100680 010061:-110 010063:8 010062- 007004- 010009- 007032- 012101:306.55 012103:298.25 013003- 007032- 020001:20000 007032- 013023- 007032- 020010:25 008002:0 020011:1 020013- 020012:32 020012:20 020012:12 008002- 020054- 008002- 020054- 008002- 020054- 008002- 005021- 007021- 020012- 005021- 007021- 020062- 013013- 012113- 020003:508 004024:-6 020004:10 020005:10 004024:-1 014031- 004024- 014031- 007032- 004024:-6 013011:0.0 004024:-12 013011- 007032- 004024:-15 004024:0 012111:307.55 004024:-12 004024:0 012112- 007032- 002002:12 008021:2 004025:-10 011001:150 011002:5.1 008021- 004025- 011043- 011041- 004025- 011043- 011041- 007032- 004024- 002004- 013033- 004024:-1 014002- 014004- 014016- 014028- 014029- 014030- 004024- 014002- 014004- 014016- 014028- 014029- 014030- 004024- 004024- 012049-
AAXX 10064 47662 12/70 21510 10334 20251 30041 40068 58011 60001 81202 555 00344
001087:3100866 001019:SVP MOMO-59 002149:1 008021:26 004001:2019 004002:8 004003:10 004004:6 004005:0 005001:-25.77480 006001:-41.76320 001051:234063804150 002148:2 001012- 001014- 033022:0 033023:1 033027:3 025026:14.4 002034:1 022060:1 007070:15 002190:0 008021:25 004001:2019 004002:8 004003:10 004004:6 004005:0 002005:0.50 022043:295.90 002033:0 022059- 008029- 013115- 010004- 010051:102030
ZZYY 31866 10089 06001 525774 041763 61/// 111// 0//// 1//// 3//// 40203 5//// 222// 00228 1//// 20/// 21/// 333// 444 1//// 2013/ 5//01 6////
001087:3100735 001019:SVP MOMO-63 002149:1 008021:26 004001:2019 004002:8 004003:10 004004:6 004005:0 005001:35.16620 006001:-67.29000 001051:234064940910 002148:2 001012- 001014- 033022:0 033023:1 033027:3 025026:14.4 002034:1 022060:0 007070:15 002190:0 008021:25 004001:2019 004002:8 004003:10 004004:6 004005:0 002005:0.50 022043:300.54 002033:0 022059- 008029- 013115- 010004- 010051:101220
ZZYY 31735 10089 06001 735166 067290 61/// 111// 0//// 1//// 3//// 40122 5//// 222// 00274 1//// 20/// 21/// 333// 444 1//// 2013/ 5//01 6////
001087:2800401 001015:KEO_32N145E 002149:21 004001:2019 004002:8 004003:10 004004:6 004005:0 005001:32.40105 006001:144.48483 010004:100960 010051:101000 007033:3.0 012101:301.95 012103- 013003:84 007033:4.0 008021:8 004025:60 011001:158 011002:6.9 008021- 004025:60 011041:9.1 004025- 007033- 002005:0.01 007063:1.00 022049:301.83 020001- 004024:1 013011:0.0 004025:60 014002:-70000 014004:1968000 014016- 014028- 014029- 014030- 002005:0.01 002032:0 002033:1 007062:1.0 022043:301.83 022062:34.36 007062:5.0 022043:301.80 022062- 007062:10.1 022043- 022062- 007062:15.1 022043:301.04 022062:34.38 007062:20.2 022043:300.61 022062- 007062:25.2 022043:299.76 022062:34.41 007062:36.0 022043:298.73 022062:34.40 007062:40.0 022043:298.22 022062- 007062:50.1 022043- 022062- 007062:75.3 022043- 022062- 007062:100.5 022043:294.91 022062:34.75 007062:124.6 022043:293.98 022062:34.86 007062:150.1 022043:293.46 022062:34.88 007062:175.2 022043:292.79 022062:34.89 007062:224.4 022043:291.71 022062:34.84 007062:275.2 022043:290.88 022062:34.81 007062:324.2 022043:290.39 022062:34.81 007062:374.0 022043:289.55 022062- 007062:422.9 022043- 022062- 007062:471.7 022043- 022062- 007062:520.6 022043:285.92 022062:34.44 002031:2 007062:8.0 022004- 022031- 007062:16.0 022004- 022031- 007062:36.0 022004- 022031-

The format of the messages (and a lot more about observing and reporting weather) is specified in WMO Manual No. 306 or in Annex 3 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation; some countries deviate from that standard or extend it, some have published documentation (e.g. Federal Meteorological Handbook No. 1 and No. 2 for the USA). Especially the format of the remarks for METAR and TAF messages, or the coding of sections 3 and 5 for SYNOP messages depend on the country or even the observing station.

metaf2xml can be used for flight simulations or by private pilot (students) who want to extend their knowledge about the message formats, and everyone who just wants to know the current or forecast weather at some station in plain language (see examples below).

Why another METAR/TAF parser?

There are other projects that deal with METAR and TAF messages, e.g.:

But somehow I always missed a feature I liked to have.

Features of metaf2xml

3.5 24
processing of messages

The parser module (man page) accepts (= processes) or tolerates (= marks as error) many extensions to the standard; they are marked with "EXTENSION" in the source code. Many common minor errors in the format are corrected before parsing, more combinations of weather phenomenons are allowed, missing information is recognised in many cases, too.

All remarks are processed, some of them are interpreted depending on the issuing country or station, e.g. 'MON INVIS VAL FOSCHIA' and QUL/QUK (Italy), 'JP' (some Caribbean countries), 'YLO1' (military), everything from the Federal Meteorological Handbook No. 1 and the Air Force Manual 15-111 (19.12.2003), 'RSNK' and 'LAG PK' (data from other observing stations), and many more. Currently, more than 80 types of METAR remarks are recognised, excluding trivial keywords (see also the DTD).

This module can write the data as XML. Alternatively, a callback function can be registered which is passed step by step the same data in the same order as for the XML output.

The data contains solely information from the original message, with 2 exceptions: the relative humidity (actually 4 different values from 4 different formulas) and the ceiling (if there is one); these 2 items are cumbersome to compute with XSLT. For each data element, the corresponding text from the message is provided.

The intention is to gain as much information as possible from a message without interpreting parts of it wrongly, and that no parsing of the output data should be necessary.

source of messages

Messages can be specified simply as text. Additionally, the script metaf.pl (man page) can be used from the command line or as CGI script to download and display in plain language up-to-date weather data from Internet servers, an SQL database, or a local file.

metaf.pl uses the module src2raw.pm (man page) to extract correctly formatted messages from the files provided by public servers.

display of XML file

The project also provides XSLT style sheets to convert the XML to plain language as text or HTML in English, German, and Spanish. The HTML output displays each message in a separate table. The leftmost column contains the original text for each element of the message, the top row contains the original message (see also project screenshots or examples below). To convert the content to text or HTML, the program "xsltproc" is used, but others that work similar shouldn't be a problem.

There are also XSLT style sheets to create a summary or overview: only some items of each message are shown in an abbreviated format, one line per message.

command line interface

The script metaf2xml.pl (man page) reads messages, processes them, and writes the XML data to standard output. It can serve as input for "xsltproc" or similar programs to get HTML or text.

The script metaf.pl (man page) can be used to fetch up-to-date messages from other sources.

web interface

Ideally, any XML capable browser should be able to process the XML with the XSLT style sheet specified in the file, and display the formatted result, but not all browsers are XML capable. The script metaf.pl (man page) provides an interface using either XML/XSLT or pure HTML. The XML data can be seen by viewing the source of the web page if "XML" was selected as output format.

source code is available and GPL

Everybody who wants to contribute is invited to do so. The best starting point is the ticket system.

To try it out

The latest version of metaf2xml can by tried out at SourceForge. However, the demo version cannot provide up-to-date messages for stations, as SourceForge does not allow outgoing connections to the internet. The messages are fetched from a database on the SourceForge server instead. The database is updated from time to time, only. Currently, it has data for .

With the demo version with graphics (uses Ajax), the stations are marked with a dot on a map. The map can be viewed in different enlargements and can be moved by click and drag. The requested messages are displayed beneath the map, the latest one on top. The list of stations is created dynamically from the same database.

With the text-based demo version, weather messages can be entered. If an option with "id(s)" is chosen, station id(s) can be entered, too.

Sources for weather data

Several organisations and providers offer public access to up-to-date and older weather data, e.g.:

Further links

demo version at SourceForge

(see also To try it out)

files from the latest version
man pages (generated from the Perl sources)
the project at SourceForge

Examples for translated messages

The result of the parsing of the above example messages can be found in example.xml (XML without XSLT style sheet reference). Using the XSLT style sheets from the project, the output in plain language (here: as HTML, summary first, detailed below) looks as follows:

Summary view for translated METAR, TAF, and SYNOP messages

Warning: The information below may be out-dated, inaccurate, or both. It is not suited for use in aviation.

Values of entries marked with * do not originate directly from the message, but are derived from its data.

station time (UTC) wind (kt) vis weather sky temp (°C) hum pressure (hPa) N/R
METAR SBGL 10., 07:00 SE 2 CAVOK 19 94 %* QNH1018
TAF SBGL 10., 04:10 N 2 3 km BR (↑31@10., 18:00) SCT006TN18/1009Z ...
METAR KJFK 10., 06:51 NNW 10 16.1 km CLR 22 (21.7) 57 %* (57 %*) QNH1010 SLP1009.7
TAF KJFK 10., 05:39 WNW 7 >=9.7 km FEW060
FM 10., 15:00 W 14 (G21) >=9.7 km SCT060
FM 10., 22:00 NW 12 >=9.7 km FEW060
FM 11., 02:00 NNW 10 >=9.7 km FEW060
METAR RJTT 10., 06:30 S 17 >=10 km FEW020 SCT/// 32 63 %* QNH1007 QNH1007
TAF RJTT 10., 05:05 S 16 >=10 km FEW030

type station time (UTC) vis cloud wind (kt) temp (°C) hum pressure (hPa)/GP (gpm) precip weather low,middle,high clouds cloud lvl waves N/P
SYNOP NIL AAXX 74486 10., 06:00 ?
SYNOP AAXX 47662 10.8.2019, 06:00 20 km 2/8 SSE 9.9 33.40 (↑34.40/15h) 62 %* SP1004.1 (-1.1/3h) SLP1006.8 0.0 mm/6h - 1/8 CU con - CI spi/cas/flo
SYNOP AAXX 47662 10., 06:00 20 km 2/8 SSE 10 33.4 62 %* SP1004.1 (-1.1/3h) SLP1006.8 0 mm/6h - 1/8 CU con - CI spi/cas/flo 555 00344

buoy time (UTC) wind (kt) temp (°C) hum pressure (hPa) water (°C) waves N/P
BUOY 31866 10.8.2019, 06:00 SLP1020.3 22.75 001051:234063804150 002148:2 022060:1
BUOY 31866 10.8.xxx9, 06:00 SLP1020.3 22.8 5//01 ...
BUOY 31735 10.8.2019, 06:00 SLP1012.2 27.39 001051:234064940910 002148:2 022060:0
BUOY 31735 10.8.xxx9, 06:00 SLP1012.2 27.4 5//01 ...
BUOY 28401 10.8.2019, 06:00 SSE 13.4 28.80 84 % SP1009.6 SLP1010.0 28.68 007033:4.0 008021:8 004025:60 002031:2

Detailed view for translated METAR, TAF, and SYNOP messages

Warning: The information below may be out-dated, inaccurate, or both. It is not suited for use in aviation.

Values of entries marked with * do not originate directly from the message, but are derived from its data.

SBGL 100700Z 14002KT CAVOK 19/18 Q1018
METAR METAR Report
SBGL station id: SBGL (Galeao, Brazil, 22° 49′ 0″ S 43° 15′ 0″ W 6 m)
100700Z observation time: on the 10., 07:00 UTC
14002KT Wind: from the south-east (140° (+4°/-5°)) at 3.7 km/h 2 kt = 2.3 mph = 1 m/s
CAVOK cloud and visibility OK
19/18 Temperature: 19 (18.5 .. <19.5) °C 66.2 °F
Dewpoint: 18 (17.5 .. <18.5) °C 64.4 °F
relative humidity*: 94 %
Q1018 altimeter: 1018 hPa 30.06 in. Hg = 764 mmHg

TAF SBGL 100410Z 1006/1112 01002KT 3000 BR SCT006TN18/1009Z TX31/1018Z BECMG 1012/1014 27003KT 7000 NSW FEW010 BECMG 1015/1017 35005KT CAVOK BECMG 1018/1020 06005KT BECMG 1021/1023 10007KT BECMG 1100/1102 07005KT BECMG 1103/1105 03002KT BECMG 1109/1111 34002KT BECMG 1111/1112 26010KT RMK PFV
warning: message modified to: TAF SBGL 100410Z 1006/1112 01002KT 3000 BR TX31/1018Z SCT006TN18/1009Z BECMG 1012/1014 27003KT 7000 NSW FEW010 BECMG 1015/1017 35005KT CAVOK BECMG 1018/1020 06005KT BECMG 1021/1023 10007KT BECMG 1100/1102 07005KT BECMG 1103/1105 03002KT BECMG 1109/1111 34002KT BECMG 1111/1112 26010KT RMK PFV
TAF 30h aerodrome forecast
SBGL station id: SBGL (Galeao, Brazil, 22° 49′ 0″ S 43° 15′ 0″ W 6 m)
100410Z Issue time: on the 10., 04:10 UTC
1006/1112 Forecast period: from the 10., 06:00 UTC till the 11., 12:00 UTC
01002KT Wind: from the north (10° (+4°/-5°)) at 3.7 km/h 2 kt = 2.3 mph = 1 m/s
3000 Visibility: 3000 (.. <3100) m 1.9 miles
BR Weather: mist
TX31/1018Z max. temperature: 31 (30.5 .. <31.5) °C on the 10., 18:00 UTC 87.8 °F
error at '@': invalid format: TAF SBGL 100410Z 1006/1112 01002KT 3000 BR TX31/1018Z <@> SCT006TN18/1009Z ...

KJFK 100651Z 34010KT 10SM CLR 22/13 A2982 RMK AO2 SLP097 T02170128
METAR METAR Report
KJFK station id: KJFK (New York/John F. Kennedy Int., New York, USA, 40° 39′ 0″ N 73° 47′ 0″ W 7 m)
100651Z observation time: on the 10., 06:51 UTC
34010KT Wind: from the north-north-west (340° (+4°/-5°)) at 18.5 km/h 10 kt = 11.5 mph = 5.1 m/s
10SM Visibility: 10 (>9.5 .. 10.5) miles 16.1 km
CLR Sky condition: no clouds reported by automated station
22/13 Temperature: 22 (21.5 .. <22.5) °C 71.6 °F
Dewpoint: 13 (12.5 .. <13.5) °C 55.4 °F
relative humidity*: 57 %
A2982 altimeter: 29.82 in. Hg 1010 hPa = 757 mmHg
RMK Remarks:
AO2 automated station with precipitation discriminator (ASOS)
SLP097 sea level pressure: 1009.7 hPa 29.82 in. Hg = 757 mmHg
T02170128 Temperature: 21.7 °C 71.1 °F
Dewpoint: 12.8 °C 55.0 °F
relative humidity*: 57 %

TAF KJFK 100539Z 1006/1112 30007KT P6SM FEW060 FM101500 28014G21KT P6SM SCT060 FM102200 32012KT P6SM FEW060 FM110200 33010KT P6SM FEW060
TAF 30h aerodrome forecast
KJFK station id: KJFK (New York/John F. Kennedy Int., New York, USA, 40° 39′ 0″ N 73° 47′ 0″ W 7 m)
100539Z Issue time: on the 10., 05:39 UTC
1006/1112 Forecast period: from the 10., 06:00 UTC till the 11., 12:00 UTC
30007KT Wind: from the west-north-west (300° (+4°/-5°)) at 13 km/h 7 kt = 8.1 mph = 3.6 m/s
P6SM Visibility: >=6 miles >=9.7 km
FEW060 Sky condition: few clouds at 6000 (>5750 .. 6250) ft 1800 m
trend forecast:
FM101500 from the 10., 15:00 UTC:
28014G21KT Wind: from the west (280° (+4°/-5°)) at 25.9 km/h 14 kt = 16.1 mph = 7.2 m/s
with gusts at 38.9 km/h 21 kt = 24.2 mph = 10.8 m/s
P6SM Visibility: >=6 miles >=9.7 km
SCT060 Sky condition: scattered clouds at 6000 (>5750 .. 6250) ft 1800 m
FM102200 from the 10., 22:00 UTC:
32012KT Wind: from the north-west (320° (+4°/-5°)) at 22.2 km/h 12 kt = 13.8 mph = 6.2 m/s
P6SM Visibility: >=6 miles >=9.7 km
FEW060 Sky condition: few clouds at 6000 (>5750 .. 6250) ft 1800 m
FM110200 from the 11., 02:00 UTC:
33010KT Wind: from the north-north-west (330° (+4°/-5°)) at 18.5 km/h 10 kt = 11.5 mph = 5.1 m/s
P6SM Visibility: >=6 miles >=9.7 km
FEW060 Sky condition: few clouds at 6000 (>5750 .. 6250) ft 1800 m

RJTT 100630Z 18017KT 9999 FEW020 SCT/// 32/24 Q1007 NOSIG RMK 1CU020 A2974
METAR METAR Report
RJTT station id: RJTT (Tokyo International Airport, Japan, 35° 33′ 12″ N 139° 46′ 52″ E 9 m)
100630Z observation time: on the 10., 06:30 UTC
18017KT Wind: from the south (180° (+4°/-5°)) at 31.5 km/h 17 kt = 19.6 mph = 8.7 m/s
9999 Visibility: >=10 km >=6.2 miles
FEW020 SCT/// Sky condition: few clouds at 600 (.. <630) m 2000 ft
scattered clouds, cloud base not available
32/24 Temperature: 32 (31.5 .. <32.5) °C 89.6 °F
Dewpoint: 24 (23.5 .. <24.5) °C 75.2 °F
relative humidity*: 63 %
Q1007 altimeter: 1007 hPa 29.74 in. Hg = 755 mmHg
trends within the next 2 hours:
NOSIG no significant change
RMK Remarks:
1CU020 phenomenon w. opacity: 1/8 (1/10) or less, but not 0/8 (0/10) cumulus at 600 (.. <630) m 2000 ft
A2974 altimeter: 29.74 in. Hg 1007 hPa = 755 mmHg

TAF RJTT 100505Z 1006/1112 19016KT 9999 FEW030
TAF 30h aerodrome forecast
RJTT station id: RJTT (Tokyo International Airport, Japan, 35° 33′ 12″ N 139° 46′ 52″ E 9 m)
100505Z Issue time: on the 10., 05:05 UTC
1006/1112 Forecast period: from the 10., 06:00 UTC till the 11., 12:00 UTC
19016KT Wind: from the south (190° (+4°/-5°)) at 29.6 km/h 16 kt = 18.4 mph = 8.2 m/s
9999 Visibility: >=10 km >=6.2 miles
FEW030 Sky condition: few clouds at 900 (.. <930) m 3000 ft

AAXX 10064 74486 NIL
SYNOP NIL Synoptic observation (main hour) (report missing)
section 0:
AAXX fixed land station
1006 observation time: on the 10., 06:00 UTC
4 wind data: kt
74486 station id: 74486 (New York/John F. Kennedy Int., New York, USA, 40° 39′ 0″ N 73° 47′ 0″ W 7 m) (North and Central America)
NIL report missing

001001:47 001002:662 001015:TOKYO 002001:1 004001:2019 004002:8 004003:10 004004:6 004005:0 005001:35.68333 006001:139.75000 007030:6.1 007031:36.5 010004:100410 010051:100680 010061:-110 010063:8 010062- 007004- 010009- 007032- 012101:306.55 012103:298.25 013003- 007032- 020001:20000 007032- 013023- 007032- 020010:25 008002:0 020011:1 020013- 020012:32 020012:20 020012:12 008002- 020054- 008002- 020054- 008002- 020054- 008002- 005021- 007021- 020012- 005021- 007021- 020062- 013013- 012113- 020003:508 004024:-6 020004:10 020005:10 004024:-1 014031- 004024- 014031- 007032- 004024:-6 013011:0.0 004024:-12 013011- 007032- 004024:-15 004024:0 012111:307.55 004024:-12 004024:0 012112- 007032- 002002:12 008021:2 004025:-10 011001:150 011002:5.1 008021- 004025- 011043- 011041- 004025- 011043- 011041- 007032- 004024- 002004- 013033- 004024:-1 014002- 014004- 014016- 014028- 014029- 014030- 004024- 014002- 014004- 014016- 014028- 014029- 014030- 004024- 004024- 012049-
SYNOP Synoptic observation (main hour)
section 0:
AAXX fixed land station
004001:2019 004002:8 004003:10 004004:6 004005:0 observation time: on the 10.8.2019, 06:00 UTC
005001:35.68333 006001:139.75000 007030:6.1 station position: 35.68333° N 139.75000° E 6.1 m 35° 40′ 59.988″ N 139° 45′ 00.000″ E
001001:47 001002:662 001015:TOKYO station id: 47662 "TOKYO" (Tokyo, Japan, 35° 41′ 30″ N 139° 45′ 4″ E 24 m) (Asia)
007032- 020001:20000 Visibility: 20000 m 12.4 miles
020010:25 total cloud cover: 2/8 (2..3/10)
007032- 002002:12 008021:2 004025:-10 011001:150 011002:5.1 008021- Wind: from the south-south-east (150°) at 18.4 km/h 9.9 kt = 11.4 mph = 5.1 m/s
007032- 012101:306.55 012103:298.25 013003- Temperature: 33.40 °C 92.1 °F
Dewpoint: 25.10 °C 77.2 °F
relative humidity*: 62 %
007031:36.5 010004:100410 station level pressure: 1004.1 hPa 29.65 in. Hg = 753 mmHg
010051:100680 sea level pressure: 1006.8 hPa 29.73 in. Hg = 755 mmHg
010061:-110 010063:8 pressure change (station level) since 3 hour(s): -1.1 hPa, steady or having increased, then decreased; or decreased, then decreased more rapidly
020003:508 Weather: nil significant weather
004024:-6 020004:10 020005:10 weather since 6 hour(s): no significant weather
008002:0 020011:1 020012:32 020012:20 020012:12 cloud types: low: 1/8 (1/10) or less, but not 0/8 (0/10) cumulus (moderate/strong vertical extent or towering cumulus) (Cu mediocris or congestus)
mid-level: no clouds
high: cirrus (dense, with sproutings, or in tufts) (Ci spissatus, castellanus, or flocus)
333 section 3:
007032- 004024:-6 013011:0.0 precip. amount since 6 hour(s): 0.0 mm 0 in.
007032- 004024:-15 004024:0 012111:307.55 004024:-12 004024:0 012112- max. temperature since 15 hour(s): 34.40 °C 93.9 °F
min. temperature: (not available)

AAXX 10064 47662 12/70 21510 10334 20251 30041 40068 58011 60001 81202 555 00344
warning: not processed: 555 00344
SYNOP Synoptic observation (main hour)
section 0:
AAXX fixed land station
1006 observation time: on the 10., 06:00 UTC
4 wind data: kt
47662 station id: 47662 (Tokyo, Japan, 35° 41′ 30″ N 139° 45′ 4″ E 24 m) (Asia)
section 1:
1 precipitation data: in section 1
2 weather data: omitted (no significant phenomenon)
/ base of lowest cloud: (not available)
70 Visibility: 20 (.. <21) km 12.4 miles
2 total cloud cover: 2/8 (2..3/10)
1510 Wind: from the south-south-east (150° (+4°/-5°)) at 18.5 km/h 10 kt = 11.5 mph = 5.1 m/s
10334 20251 Temperature: 33.4 °C 92.1 °F
Dewpoint: 25.1 °C 77.2 °F
relative humidity*: 62 %
30041 station level pressure: 1004.1 hPa 29.65 in. Hg = 753 mmHg
40068 sea level pressure: 1006.8 hPa 29.73 in. Hg = 755 mmHg
58011 pressure change (station level) since 3 hour(s): -1.1 hPa, steady or having increased, then decreased; or decreased, then decreased more rapidly
60001 precip. amount since 6 hour(s): 0 mm 0 in.
81202 cloud types: low: 1/8 (1/10) or less, but not 0/8 (0/10) cumulus (moderate/strong vertical extent or towering cumulus) (Cu mediocris or congestus)
mid-level: no clouds
high: cirrus (dense, with sproutings, or in tufts) (Ci spissatus, castellanus, or flocus)

001087:3100866 001019:SVP MOMO-59 002149:1 008021:26 004001:2019 004002:8 004003:10 004004:6 004005:0 005001:-25.77480 006001:-41.76320 001051:234063804150 002148:2 001012- 001014- 033022:0 033023:1 033027:3 025026:14.4 002034:1 022060:1 007070:15 002190:0 008021:25 004001:2019 004002:8 004003:10 004004:6 004005:0 002005:0.50 022043:295.90 002033:0 022059- 008029- 013115- 010004- 010051:102030
warning: not processed: 001051:234063804150 002148:2 022060:1
BUOY Buoy observation
section 0:
ZZYY buoy
001087:3100866 001019:SVP MOMO-59 buoy id: 31866 "SVP MOMO-59" (South America)
008021:25 004001:2019 004002:8 004003:10 004004:6 004005:0 observation time: on the 10.8.2019, 06:00 UTC
005001:-25.77480 006001:-41.76320 station position: 25.77480° S 41.76320° W 25° 46′ 29.280″ S 041° 45′ 47.520″ W
111 section 1:
010051:102030 sea level pressure: 1020.3 hPa 30.13 in. Hg = 765 mmHg
222 section 2:
002005:0.50 022043:295.90 surface temperature: 22.75 (22.25 .. 23.25) °C 73.0 °F
444 section 4:
033022:0 033023:1 033027:3 quality of satellite transmission: good
quality of location: values at the beginning of the report are the latest known values
position error (66 % confidence): <250 m <820 ft
008021:26 004001:2019 004002:8 004003:10 004004:6 004005:0 time of last known position: on the 10.8.2019, 06:00 UTC
002149:1 type of buoy: Standard Lagrangian drifting buoy
002034:1 type of drogue: holey sock
025026:14.4 battery voltage: 14.4 volt
002190:0 submergence time: 0 %
007070:15 length of drogue cable: 15 m

ZZYY 31866 10089 06001 525774 041763 61/// 111// 0//// 1//// 3//// 40203 5//// 222// 00228 1//// 20/// 21/// 333// 444 1//// 2013/ 5//01 6////
BUOY Buoy observation
section 0:
ZZYY buoy
31866 buoy id: 31866 (South America)
10089 0600 observation time: on the 10.8.xxx9, 06:00 UTC
1 wind data: m/s
525774 041763 station position: 25.774° S 41.763° W 25° 46.44′ S 041° 45.78′ W
61/// quality of position: data is good
quality of time: (not available)
position error (66 % confidence): (not available)
111 section 1:
// quality of this section: (not available)
0//// Wind: (not available)
1//// Temperature: (not available)
3//// station level pressure: (not available)
40203 sea level pressure: 1020.3 hPa 30.13 in. Hg = 765 mmHg
5//// pressure change (station level) since 3 hour(s): (not available)
222 section 2:
// quality of this section: (not available)
00228 surface temperature: 22.8 °C 73.0 °F
1//// 20/// 21/// waves: (not available)
333 section 3:
/ quality of temp. and salinity profile measurement: (not available)
/ quality of current profile measurement: (not available)
444 section 4:
1//// quality data: (not available)
2013/ quality of satellite transmission: good
quality of location: values at the beginning of the report are the latest known values
position error (66 % confidence): <250 m <820 ft
error at '@': not an observation time: ZZYY 31866 10089 06001 525774 041763 61/// 111// 0//// 1//// 3//// 40203 5//// 222// 00228 1//// 20/// 21/// 333// 444 1//// 2013/ <@> 5//01 ...

001087:3100735 001019:SVP MOMO-63 002149:1 008021:26 004001:2019 004002:8 004003:10 004004:6 004005:0 005001:35.16620 006001:-67.29000 001051:234064940910 002148:2 001012- 001014- 033022:0 033023:1 033027:3 025026:14.4 002034:1 022060:0 007070:15 002190:0 008021:25 004001:2019 004002:8 004003:10 004004:6 004005:0 002005:0.50 022043:300.54 002033:0 022059- 008029- 013115- 010004- 010051:101220
warning: not processed: 001051:234064940910 002148:2 022060:0
BUOY Buoy observation
section 0:
ZZYY buoy
001087:3100735 001019:SVP MOMO-63 buoy id: 31735 "SVP MOMO-63" (South America)
008021:25 004001:2019 004002:8 004003:10 004004:6 004005:0 observation time: on the 10.8.2019, 06:00 UTC
005001:35.16620 006001:-67.29000 station position: 35.16620° N 67.29000° W 35° 09′ 58.320″ N 067° 17′ 24.000″ W
111 section 1:
010051:101220 sea level pressure: 1012.2 hPa 29.89 in. Hg = 759 mmHg
222 section 2:
002005:0.50 022043:300.54 surface temperature: 27.39 (26.89 .. 27.89) °C 81.3 °F
444 section 4:
033022:0 033023:1 033027:3 quality of satellite transmission: good
quality of location: values at the beginning of the report are the latest known values
position error (66 % confidence): <250 m <820 ft
008021:26 004001:2019 004002:8 004003:10 004004:6 004005:0 time of last known position: on the 10.8.2019, 06:00 UTC
002149:1 type of buoy: Standard Lagrangian drifting buoy
002034:1 type of drogue: holey sock
025026:14.4 battery voltage: 14.4 volt
002190:0 submergence time: 0 %
007070:15 length of drogue cable: 15 m

ZZYY 31735 10089 06001 735166 067290 61/// 111// 0//// 1//// 3//// 40122 5//// 222// 00274 1//// 20/// 21/// 333// 444 1//// 2013/ 5//01 6////
BUOY Buoy observation
section 0:
ZZYY buoy
31735 buoy id: 31735 (South America)
10089 0600 observation time: on the 10.8.xxx9, 06:00 UTC
1 wind data: m/s
735166 067290 station position: 35.166° N 67.290° W 35° 09.96′ N 067° 17.40′ W
61/// quality of position: data is good
quality of time: (not available)
position error (66 % confidence): (not available)
111 section 1:
// quality of this section: (not available)
0//// Wind: (not available)
1//// Temperature: (not available)
3//// station level pressure: (not available)
40122 sea level pressure: 1012.2 hPa 29.89 in. Hg = 759 mmHg
5//// pressure change (station level) since 3 hour(s): (not available)
222 section 2:
// quality of this section: (not available)
00274 surface temperature: 27.4 °C 81.3 °F
1//// 20/// 21/// waves: (not available)
333 section 3:
/ quality of temp. and salinity profile measurement: (not available)
/ quality of current profile measurement: (not available)
444 section 4:
1//// quality data: (not available)
2013/ quality of satellite transmission: good
quality of location: values at the beginning of the report are the latest known values
position error (66 % confidence): <250 m <820 ft
error at '@': not an observation time: ZZYY 31735 10089 06001 735166 067290 61/// 111// 0//// 1//// 3//// 40122 5//// 222// 00274 1//// 20/// 21/// 333// 444 1//// 2013/ <@> 5//01 ...

001087:2800401 001015:KEO_32N145E 002149:21 004001:2019 004002:8 004003:10 004004:6 004005:0 005001:32.40105 006001:144.48483 010004:100960 010051:101000 007033:3.0 012101:301.95 012103- 013003:84 007033:4.0 008021:8 004025:60 011001:158 011002:6.9 008021- 004025:60 011041:9.1 004025- 007033- 002005:0.01 007063:1.00 022049:301.83 020001- 004024:1 013011:0.0 004025:60 014002:-70000 014004:1968000 014016- 014028- 014029- 014030- 002005:0.01 002032:0 002033:1 007062:1.0 022043:301.83 022062:34.36 007062:5.0 022043:301.80 022062- 007062:10.1 022043- 022062- 007062:15.1 022043:301.04 022062:34.38 007062:20.2 022043:300.61 022062- 007062:25.2 022043:299.76 022062:34.41 007062:36.0 022043:298.73 022062:34.40 007062:40.0 022043:298.22 022062- 007062:50.1 022043- 022062- 007062:75.3 022043- 022062- 007062:100.5 022043:294.91 022062:34.75 007062:124.6 022043:293.98 022062:34.86 007062:150.1 022043:293.46 022062:34.88 007062:175.2 022043:292.79 022062:34.89 007062:224.4 022043:291.71 022062:34.84 007062:275.2 022043:290.88 022062:34.81 007062:324.2 022043:290.39 022062:34.81 007062:374.0 022043:289.55 022062- 007062:422.9 022043- 022062- 007062:471.7 022043- 022062- 007062:520.6 022043:285.92 022062:34.44 002031:2 007062:8.0 022004- 022031- 007062:16.0 022004- 022031- 007062:36.0 022004- 022031-
warning: measurement period invalid: 60: 004025:60 011041:9.1
warning: measurement period invalid: 1: 004024:1 004024:1 013011:0.0
warning: measurement period invalid: 60: 004025:60 014002:-70000 014004:1968000 014016- 014028- 014029- 014030-
warning: not processed: 007033:4.0 008021:8 004025:60 002031:2
BUOY Buoy observation
section 0:
ZZYY buoy
001087:2800401 001015:KEO_32N145E buoy id: 28401 "KEO_32N145E" (Buoy, Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO), NOAA/PMEL (US), USA) (Asia)
004001:2019 004002:8 004003:10 004004:6 004005:0 observation time: on the 10.8.2019, 06:00 UTC
005001:32.40105 006001:144.48483 station position: 32.40105° N 144.48483° E 32° 24′ 03.780″ N 144° 29′ 05.388″ E
111 section 1:
011001:158 011002:6.9 Wind: from the south-south-east (158°) at 24.8 km/h 13.4 kt = 15.4 mph = 6.9 m/s
007033:3.0 012101:301.95 012103- 013003:84 Temperature: 28.80 °C 83.8 °F
relative humidity: 84 %
010004:100960 station level pressure: 1009.6 hPa 29.81 in. Hg = 757 mmHg
010051:101000 sea level pressure: 1010.0 hPa 29.83 in. Hg = 758 mmHg
222 section 2:
002005:0.01 007063:1.00 022049:301.83 surface temperature: 28.68 (28.67 .. 28.69) °C 83.6 °F
333 section 3:
002033:1 method of salinity measurement: in situ sensor, accuracy better than 0.02 ‰
002005:0.01 007062:1.0 022043:301.83 022062:34.36 at a depth of 1.0 m
water temperature: 28.68 (28.67 .. 28.69) °C 83.6 °F
salinity: 3.436 %
002005:0.01 007062:5.0 022043:301.80 022062- at a depth of 5.0 m
water temperature: 28.65 (28.64 .. 28.66) °C 83.6 °F
002005:0.01 007062:15.1 022043:301.04 022062:34.38 at a depth of 15.1 m
water temperature: 27.89 (27.88 .. 27.9) °C 82.2 °F
salinity: 3.438 %
002005:0.01 007062:20.2 022043:300.61 022062- at a depth of 20.2 m
water temperature: 27.46 (27.45 .. 27.47) °C 81.4 °F
002005:0.01 007062:25.2 022043:299.76 022062:34.41 at a depth of 25.2 m
water temperature: 26.61 (26.6 .. 26.62) °C 79.9 °F
salinity: 3.441 %
002005:0.01 007062:36.0 022043:298.73 022062:34.40 at a depth of 36.0 m
water temperature: 25.58 (25.57 .. 25.59) °C 78.0 °F
salinity: 3.440 %
002005:0.01 007062:40.0 022043:298.22 022062- at a depth of 40.0 m
water temperature: 25.07 (25.06 .. 25.08) °C 77.1 °F
002005:0.01 007062:100.5 022043:294.91 022062:34.75 at a depth of 100.5 m
water temperature: 21.76 (21.75 .. 21.77) °C 71.2 °F
salinity: 3.475 %
002005:0.01 007062:124.6 022043:293.98 022062:34.86 at a depth of 124.6 m
water temperature: 20.83 (20.82 .. 20.84) °C 69.5 °F
salinity: 3.486 %
002005:0.01 007062:150.1 022043:293.46 022062:34.88 at a depth of 150.1 m
water temperature: 20.31 (20.3 .. 20.32) °C 68.6 °F
salinity: 3.488 %
002005:0.01 007062:175.2 022043:292.79 022062:34.89 at a depth of 175.2 m
water temperature: 19.64 (19.63 .. 19.65) °C 67.4 °F
salinity: 3.489 %
002005:0.01 007062:224.4 022043:291.71 022062:34.84 at a depth of 224.4 m
water temperature: 18.56 (18.55 .. 18.57) °C 65.4 °F
salinity: 3.484 %
002005:0.01 007062:275.2 022043:290.88 022062:34.81 at a depth of 275.2 m
water temperature: 17.73 (17.72 .. 17.74) °C 63.9 °F
salinity: 3.481 %
002005:0.01 007062:324.2 022043:290.39 022062:34.81 at a depth of 324.2 m
water temperature: 17.24 (17.23 .. 17.25) °C 63.0 °F
salinity: 3.481 %
002005:0.01 007062:374.0 022043:289.55 022062- at a depth of 374.0 m
water temperature: 16.40 (16.39 .. 16.41) °C 61.5 °F
002005:0.01 007062:520.6 022043:285.92 022062:34.44 at a depth of 520.6 m
water temperature: 12.77 (12.76 .. 12.78) °C 55.0 °F
salinity: 3.444 %
444 section 4:
002149:21 type of buoy: ATLAS
004025:60 011041:9.1 highest gust since 60 min.: direction not available, at 32.8 km/h 17.7 kt = 20.4 mph = 9.1 m/s
004024:1 004024:1 013011:0.0 precip. amount since 1 hour(s): 0.0 mm 0 in.
004025:60 014002:-70000 014004:1968000 014016- 014028- 014029- 014030- duration of sunshine since 60 min.: (not available)
downward long-wave radiation since 60 min.: -70 kJ/m²
short-wave radiation since 60 min.: 1968 kJ/m²